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Neuroscience
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What is Neuroscience?
Neuroscience, also known as Neural Science, is the study of the nervous system, how the nervous systems works, how it is structured and how it develops.
The large majority of neuroscientists focus their research on the brain and how it influences cognitive function and behavior. Neuroscience not only seeks to understand how the nervous system functions under normal circumstances but also how the nervous system functions in individual suffering from neurological, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
What’s the Goal of Neuroscience?
According to the Society for Neuroscience (SfN) the three main objectives of neuroscience are to:
Understand the human brain and how it functions.
Understand and describe how the central nervous system (CNS) develops, matures, and maintains itself.
Analyze and understand neurological and psychiatric disorders, and discover methods to prevent or cure them.
What’s the Branches of Modern Neuroscience?
The branches of neuroscience, based on research areas and subjects of study, can be broadly categorized into the following disciplines:
Computational neuroscience attempts to understand how brains compute, using computers to simulate and model brain functions, and applying techniques from mathematics, physics and other computational fields to study brain function.
Cultural neuroscience looks at how beliefs, practices and cultural values are shaped by and shape the brain, minds and genes over different periods.
Molecular neuroscience is the study of the role of individual molecules in the nervous system.
Cellular neuroscience explores the genes, proteins, and other molecules that guide how neurons function.
Neuroimaging is a branch of medical imaging that concentrates on the brain. Neuroimaging is used to diagnose disease and assess the health of the brain. It can also be useful in the study of the brain, how it works, and how different activities affect the brain.
Developmental neuroscience describes how the brain forms, grows, and changes.
Cognitive neuroscience is about how the brain creates and controls thought, language, problem-solving, and memory. Cognitive neuroscience draws from linguistics, neuroscience, psychology and cognitive science.
Neurogenetics focuses on inherited changes to neurons, including studies of certain genetic diseases, such as Huntington’s disease.
Behavioral neuroscience examines the brain areas and processes underlying how animals and humans act. Looking at how the brain affects behavior.
Clinical neuroscience looks at the disorders of the nervous system, while psychiatry, for example, looks at the disorders of the mind.
Neurophysiology describes the relationship of the brain and its functions, and the sum of the body’s parts and how they interrelate.
Sensory neuroscience examines features of the body’s sensory systems and how the nervous system interprets and processes sensory information.
Social neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to understanding how biological systems implement social processes and behavior.What’s the Importance of Modern Neuroscience?
Reference
Systems neuroscience follows the pathways of data flow within the CNS (central nervous system) and tries to define the kinds of processing going on there. It uses that information to explain behavioral functions.
Neuroinformatics integrates data across all areas of neuroscience, to help understand the brain and treat diseases.
Neurolinguistics researches what neural mechanisms in the brain control the acquisition, comprehension and utterance of language.
What’s the Importance of Modern Neuroscience?
Neuroscience is a quest for consciousness.
Provides insights into how we think and behave.
Helps us learn more about ourselves.
Helps us understand the aging process.
Helps us stay mentally sharp as we grow older.
Neuroscience is a quest for consciousness.
Provides insights into how we think and behave.
Helps us learn more about ourselves.
Helps us understand the aging process.
Helps us stay mentally sharp as we grow older.
Reference
PAVLOV V A, TRACEY K J. Neural regulation of immunity: molecular mechanisms and clinical translation [J]. Nature Neuroscience, 2017, 20(2): 156-66.SATTERTHWAITE T D, ELLIOTT M A, RUPAREL K, et al. Neuroimaging of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort [J]. Neuroimage, 2014, 86(544-53.
DAJANI D R, UDDIN L Q. Demystifying cognitive flexibility: Implications for clinical and developmental neuroscience [J]. Trends in Neurosciences, 2015, 38(9): 571-8.
GRADY C. BRAIN AGEING The cognitive neuroscience of ageing [J]. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2012, 13(7): 491-505.
PAUL B D, SBODIO J I, XU R S, et al. Cystathionine gamma-lyase deficiency mediates neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease [J]. Nature, 2014, 509(7498): 96-+.
BABILONI C, BARRY R J, BASAR E, et al. International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) - EEG research workgroup: Recommendations on frequency and topographic analysis of resting state EEG rhythms. Part 1: Applications in clinical research studies [J]. Clinical Neurophysiology, 2020, 131(1): 285-307.
CHATTERJEE A, VARTANIAN O. Neuroaesthetics [J]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2014, 18(7): 370-5.
SCHILBACH L, TIMMERMANS B, REDDY V, et al. Toward a second-person neuroscience [J]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2013, 36(4): 393-414.
RICHARDS B A, LILLICRAP T P, BEAUDOIN P, et al. A deep learning framework for neuroscience [J]. Nature Neuroscience, 2019, 22(11): 1761-70.
ECONOMON M N, CLACK N G, LEVIS L D, et al. A platform for brain-wide imaging and reconstruction of individual neurons [J]. Elife, 2016, 5.
KOCH C. Neuroscience: A quest for consciousness [J]. Nature, 2012, 488(7409): 29-30.
SATTERTHWAITE T D, ELLIOTT M A, RUPAREL K, et al. Neuroimaging of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort [J]. Neuroimage, 2014, 86(544-53.
DAJANI D R, UDDIN L Q. Demystifying cognitive flexibility: Implications for clinical and developmental neuroscience [J]. Trends in Neurosciences, 2015, 38(9): 571-8.
GRADY C. BRAIN AGEING The cognitive neuroscience of ageing [J]. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2012, 13(7): 491-505.
PAUL B D, SBODIO J I, XU R S, et al. Cystathionine gamma-lyase deficiency mediates neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease [J]. Nature, 2014, 509(7498): 96-+.
BABILONI C, BARRY R J, BASAR E, et al. International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) - EEG research workgroup: Recommendations on frequency and topographic analysis of resting state EEG rhythms. Part 1: Applications in clinical research studies [J]. Clinical Neurophysiology, 2020, 131(1): 285-307.
CHATTERJEE A, VARTANIAN O. Neuroaesthetics [J]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2014, 18(7): 370-5.
SCHILBACH L, TIMMERMANS B, REDDY V, et al. Toward a second-person neuroscience [J]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2013, 36(4): 393-414.
RICHARDS B A, LILLICRAP T P, BEAUDOIN P, et al. A deep learning framework for neuroscience [J]. Nature Neuroscience, 2019, 22(11): 1761-70.
ECONOMON M N, CLACK N G, LEVIS L D, et al. A platform for brain-wide imaging and reconstruction of individual neurons [J]. Elife, 2016, 5.
KOCH C. Neuroscience: A quest for consciousness [J]. Nature, 2012, 488(7409): 29-30.